Emmanuel Gran
Э. М. ГРАН
"I may be not the best architect in the world, but I am the fastest."
Emmanuel Moiseevich Gran (1894–1969)
Эммануил Моисеевич ГРАН (1894–1969). Русский текст – внизу страницы ⬇
Born on April 5, 1894, in Samara, Russia; died on June 21, 1969, in New York, USA. First wife Lydia Arnoldovna Gran (b. 1899), second wife – Delight Gran.
Gran studied architecture in Saint Petersburg, and also was a marine officer who fought against the Bolsheviks as part of the Siberian Fleet in 1917. After landing in Shanghai in 1921, he worked as an architect at Palmer & Turner for ten years. During that decade, the company completed its largest projects, including the Glen Line Steamship Co. building (1921), Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation (1923), Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China (1923), Yokohama Specie Bank (1924), Custom House (1926), the remodeling of the Palace Hotel (1927), Beth Aharon Synagogue (1927), Cathay Hotel (1929), Embankment Building (1931), Metropole Hotel (1931) and Hamilton House (1932).
In his interviews in the 1960s, Gran claimed to have designed Cathay Hotel. His name, always placed near the top of the list of Palmer & Turner staff, was the only one without the credentials of the Royal Institute of British Architects. By 1932, local newspapers described Gran as the "author of many notable buildings" and "an architect with an already established reputation."
In January 1932, E. M. Gran – " exponent of the newer tendencies of modern architectural practice" – became partner in the firm of Davies & Brooke. A year later, one of the partners – C. Gilbert Davies – died, so Emmanuel Gran and John Tallents Wynyard Brooke continued as a duo, retaining the firm's name Davies, Brooke & Gran (建兴). During the 1930s, the firm accomplished a number of large-scale projects in Shanghai, most of which survive to this day: a godown and offices for Pilkington Bros. (1933), the Lafayette Court (1933), Medhurst Apartments (1934), Yue Tuck Apartments (1934), Victor Court (1934), Commercial Bank of China, aka Development Building (1935), Villa Bayankara and mall for Zhou Xiangyun (1936), Ashkenazi Synagogue (1937), Magnet House (1938), Hanray Mansions (1939) and two versions of the Pushkin Monument (1937 and 1947).
In 1931, together with N. N. Emanoff, E. M. Gran founded the Russian Engineering Society and was its chairman for years. He was also a lecturer in architecture and vice-president of the Higher Technical Centre of the French Concession in 1936–1941, and chairman of the ORT Society, which promoted handicrafts among Jews, in 1941.
Davies, Brooke & Gran had a branch office in Hong Kong. In 1934, Gran was invited to design the houses for the Kadoorie Estates. By 1937, three houses, a bungalow and six semi-detached houses were completed and occupied, and by the end of 1941, 34 houses were occupied, together with 13 apartments in St. George’s Mansions. The latter building was adjacent to the China Light and Power (CLP) administration building on Argyle Street, finished in 1940.
The 1941 issues of Hongkong and Far East Builder mention the following projects in Hong Kong:
– Alterations and additions to Ritz Amusement Park, King's Road. Work in progress.
– One block of offices and residential building to Central Police Station, Hollywood Road. Plans approved.
– Private residence for Sir Elly Kadoorie, Castle Peak. Work in progress.
– Additions to Hong Kong Sanitarium, Happy Valley. Plans in preparation.
– Fanling Development for the Hong Kong Jockey Club. Site leveling work in progress.
– Ice Cream Kiosk on Beach Road, Repulse bay. Work in progress.
– European (Spanish-style) residence for Chun Tak Kwong, Esq, on Repulse Bay Road. Work recently completed.
– Alterations to Race Course Apartments, Gray Estates, Shan Kwong Road. Work in progress.
In 1949, Gran left China and relocated to New York. He worked as architect and director of interiors for the Hilton Hotels until his death in 1969, having authored more than 45 buildings around the world. In various interviews, he stated that he had designed his first hotel in 1926; he also claimed to have designed the Cathay Hotel! He admitted to occasionally thinking about retiring. "But then last year I met an active architect who was 90 years old, and I changed my mind," he stated a few months before his death. (TWA, March 1969)
Gran's vast collection of Chinese art, jades and scholar's objects, amassed during his time in China and exhibited at his home and workplaces, made a splash at major auctions in 2014.
Godown and workshop, Pingliang Road
1932
Apartments, Route Edan
1932 (unrealized?)
Chinese apartments, Northern district
1932 (unrealized?)
Apartments for S. C. Chang, Avenue Joffre
1932 (unrealized?)
Interior of Maison Arcus, Ward Building
1932
Lafayette Court, Rue Lafayette
1933
Residence for Z. Y. Woo, Jessfield Road
1933
Victor Court, rue victor emmanuel
1934
Shops and residences, tsingtao road
1934
AVan Villa, tifeng road
1935
Villa Bayankara, Chinhai Road
1935–1937
Japanese apartments, Quinsan Road
1937
magnet house, szechuen road
1938
Hong Kong works
Ultra-modern building, Kowloon
1932 (unrealized?)
Bay View Mansions, Hong Kong
1933
Apartments in North Point, Hong Kong
1933
Kadoorie Estates (1934–1941)
Qingdao
edgewater mansions hotel, tsingtao
1934
List of works by Davies, Brooke & Gran
Godown and workshop for Pilkington Bros. (1932), 179 Pingliang Road 平凉路179号. Street view.
Residence for Z. Y. Woo, 97 Jessfield Road (1933), now 618 Wanhangdu Road 万航渡路618号.
Lafayette Court, 1248 Rue Lafayette (1933), now 复兴新村, 1248 Middle Fuxing Road 复兴中路1248弄.
Bay View Mansions, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong (1933) – demolished in 1959.
Apartments in North Point, Hong Kong (1933) – location and state to be confirmed.
Medhurst Apartments, 934 Bubbling Well Road (1934), now Taixing Apartments 泰兴公寓, 934 West Nanjing Road 南京西路934号
Victor Court, 76 Route Victor Emanuel (1934), now 56 Shaoxing Road 绍兴路56号
Edgewater Mansions hotel, Tsingtao (1934), now 东海饭店, 7 Huiquan Road 汇泉路7号, Qingdao 青岛
Shops and residences, Myburgh / Park / Tsingtao Road (1934), now 承兴里, Lanes 253–281 Huanghe Road 黄河路253、281弄
Yue Tuck Apartments, 7 Tifeng Road (1934), now Yide Apartments 懿德公寓, 69 North Wulumuqi Road 乌鲁木齐北路69号
Avan Villa, 74 Tifeng Road (1934), now 468 North Wulumuqi Road 乌鲁木齐北路468弄
Villa Bayankara, shops and residences for Zhou Xiangyun 周湘云, Love Lane and Chinhai Road (1936), now 44 Qinghai Road 青海路44号 – partially preserved
Commercial Bank of China, 181 Kiangse Road (1935), later known as Development Building, now 181 Jiangxi Road 江西中路181号
Two blocks of Japanese apartments, 136 Quinsan Road (1937), now Lane 136 Kunshan Road 昆山路136弄
Monument of the poet A. S. Pushkin, Route Pichon (1937), now Yueyang Road/Taojiang Road 岳阳路桃江路
Ashkenazi Synagogue, 102 Route Tenant de la Tour (1940), now 102 South Xiangyang Road 襄阳南路102号
Magnet House, 41 Szechuen Road (1938), now 49 Middle Sichuan Road 四川中路49号
Residence of Zong Chuen Dong, "modern Chinese architecture, with facade in tile and glass" (1936) – location being confirmed
Hanray Mansions 亨利公寓, Avenue Joffre (1939), now 淮中大楼, 1154–1170 Middle Huaihai Road 淮海中路1154–1170号
Restoration of the Pushkin Monument (1947), Yueyang Road/Taojiang Road 岳阳路桃江路
Эммануил Моисеевич Гран (1894–1969) – развернуть ⬇
Родился 5 апреля 1894 года в Самаре; умер 21 июня в Нью-Йорке, США.
Эммануил Моисеевич Гран в 1917 году окончил Школу прапорщиков флота в 1917 году и с июня 1918 года служил в белых войсках Сибирской флотилии, сражаясь на Восточном фронте. Оказавшись в Шанхае, в 1921 году Гран вступил в состав архитекторов крупной фирмы "Palmer & Turner", одновременно публикуя иллюстрации в журналах. Отсутствие аккредитации Королевского института британских архитекторов (R.I.B.A.) не помешало Грану стать одним из ведущих архитекторов компании. За время его работы в компании, она выполнила свои крупнейшие проекты: Гонконгско-Китайский банк (1923), Банк Иокогамы (1924), Таможенный союз (1924), синагога Бет Ахарон (1927), отель "Катэй" (1928), отель "Метрополь" (1931) и "Хамильтон-хауз" (1932). В 1932 году Гран был упомянут в шанхайской прессе как "автор множества известных зданий".
В январе 1932 года, Э. М. Гран стал партнером в архитектурной фирме "Davies & Brooke", которая поменяла название на "Davies, Brooke & Gran". Через год основатель фирмы Чарльз Гилберт Дэвис умер, и Гран продолжил дело вдвоем с Джоном Бруком. Компания создала множество крупных зданий в Шанхае и за его пределами, большинство из которых сохранились по сей день: многоквартирные дома "Медхерст" (1933), "Виктор Корт" и "Юэ Так" (1934), Коммерческий банк Китая (1935), новая синагога "Охейл Моше" (1937–1940), здание "Магнет-хауз" (1938), пристройка к многоквартирному дому "Гасконь" (1938), дом "Ханрэй" (1937–1939). В тандеме с архитектором Ливиным и художниками Подгурским и Кичигиным Гран создал памятник А. С. Пушкину (1937), а впоследствии участвовал в его восстановлении в 1947 году. Фирма "Davies, Brooke & Gran" имела отделение в Гонконге (в 1940 году).
Э. М. Гран был председателем Русского Технического общества в 1934–1935 годах, вице-президентом Высшего Технического Центра Французской концессии в 1936–1941 годах и председателем общества "ОРТ", продвигавшего занятость среди евреев в 1941 году. Шанхайское отделение архитектурной фирмы "Davies, Brooke & Gran" проработало до 1947 года, а в 1948 году Э. М. Гран перебрался в Калифорнию и впоследствии в Нью-Йорк. Там он плодотворно работал архитектором и директором по интерьерам в сети отелей "Хилтон", став вице-президентом компании незадолго до своей смерти в 1969 году. За годы жизни в Китае Э. М. Гран собрал обширную коллекцию предметов традиционного искусства и изделий из нефрита, которая пошла с молотка в 2014 году.
Lafayette Court (1933)
Victor Court (1934)
Avan Villa (1935)
Edgewater Mansions hotel, Qingdao (1934)
Villa Bayankara and commercial buildings on Love Lane and CHinhai Road (1936)
Pushkin’s Monument (1937)
Sources
China Press, North-China Daily News, Shanghai Sunday Times, Shanghai Times, The Builder 建筑月刊, Hong directories
В. Д. Жиганов "Русские в Шанхае" (1936)
ГРАН Эммануил Моисеевич: https://artrz.ru/menu/1804681482/1805023257.html
Chinese Works of Art Bonhams Sept 2015: http://online.flipbuilder.com/mpdm/kelq/mobile/index.html#p=13
Shanghai Architecture Series (in Russian): https://magazeta.com/author/knyazeva/
TWA Skyliner magazine